Name
|
Authors
|
Characteristics
|
Diffenrentiation capacity
|
ES cells
|
Numerous
|
Capable of mass culture.
Immunosuppressive agents
required for allogeneic
transplantation.
|
Can differentiate into wide variety
cells, but cells capable of
differentiating in the early embryonic
period are to obtain in vitro.
|
Bone marrow
mesenchymal
stem cells
|
Fukuda et al,
Keio Univ.
|
Culture method relatively
easy.
|
Osteoblasts, chondroblasts,
adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, etc.
|
|
|||
MAPC cells
|
Verfeille et al,
University
of Minnesota
|
Culture method extremely difficult.
Mass culture impossible.
|
Can differentiate into wide variety cells
including neurons, hepatocytes,
skeletal muscle cells.
|
Myocardial tissue
stem cells
(c-Kit cells)
|
Anversa et al,
State University
of New York
|
Isolation difficult.
Mass culture impossible.
|
Myocardium, smooth muscle, vascular
endothelial cells.
|
Myocardial tissue
stem cells
(Sca-1 cells)
|
Schneider et al,
Baylor University
|
Isolation difficult.
Mass culture impossible.
|
Myocardium
|
Cd133 cells
|
Rafii S, Lyden D.
Rehman J, Li J, Orschell CM, March KL.
|
neovascularization and differentiate into mature
endothelial cells.
|
Endothelial cell
|
EPC
|
Asahara T, Kawamoto A.
|
neovascularization and differentiate into mature
endothelial cells
releasing paracrine factors.
|
Endothelial cell
|
Study
|
[n] and
Cell Type
|
Delivery
|
Time After
AMI
|
Outcomes
|
||
Improved
|
No Change
|
|||||
Strauer et al
|
10 treated, 10 controls* MNC
|
IC
|
5–9 days
|
Regional wall motion?;
|
Global LVEF;
|
|
Infarct size↓ Perfusion?
|
LVEDV?
|
|||||
TOPCARE-AMI
|
29 MNC, 30 CPC, MNC
11 controls* CPC
|
IC
|
5_2 days
|
Regional wall motion?;
|
LVEDV?
|
|
Global LVEF?;
|
||||||
Infarct size 2?;
|
||||||
Coronary flow?
|
||||||
Fernandez-Aviles et al
|
20 treated, 13 controls* MNC
|
IC
|
14_6 days
|
Regional wall motion?;
|
LVEDV?
|
|
Global LVEF?
|
||||||
Kuethe et al
|
5 treated MNC
|
IC
|
6 days
|
|
Regional wall motion?;
|
|
Global LVEF?
|
||||||
BOOST
|
30 treated, 30 controls NC
|
IC
|
6_1 day
|
Regional wall motion;
|
LVEDV; Infarct size
|
|
Global LVEF
|
||||||
Chen et al
|
34 treated, 35 controls MSC
|
IC
|
18 days
|
Regional wall motion;
|
|
|
Global LVEF;
|
||||||
Infarct size ↓;
|
||||||
LVEDV ↓
|
||||||
Vanderheyden et al
|
12 treated, 10 controls* CD133?
|
IC
|
14_6 days
|
Regional wall motion?;
|
|
|
Global LVEF?; Perfusion?
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Study
|
[n]
|
LVEF
|
Cell Type
|
Time after
|
Delivery
|
Outcomes?
|
MI
|
||||||
Menasche et al
|
10 treated
|
24_4%
|
Myoblasts
|
3–228
months
|
Transepicardial
(during CABG)*
|
Regional wall motion ↑;
Global LVEF↑
|
Herreros et al
|
11 treated
|
36_8%
|
Myoblasts
|
3–168
months
|
Transepicardial
(during CABG)?
|
Regional wall motion ↑;
Global LVEF ↑; Viability in infarct area ↑
|
Siminiak et al
|
10 treated
|
25–40%
|
Myoblasts
|
4–108
months
|
Transepicardial
(during CABG)?
|
Regional wall motion ↑;
Global LVEF ↑
|
Chachques et al
|
20 treated
|
28_3%
|
Myoblasts
|
not
reported
|
Transepicardial
(during CABG)*
|
Regional wall motion ↑;
Global LVEF ↑; Viability in
infarct area ↑
|
Smits et al
|
5 treated
|
36_11%
|
Myoblasts
|
24–132
months
|
Transendocardial
(guided by EMM)
|
Regional wall motion ↑;
Global LVEF ↑
|
Stamm et al
|
12 treated
|
36_11%
|
CD133?
|
3–12
weeks
|
Transepicardial
(during CABG)*
|
Global LVEF ↑; LVEDV ↓;
Perfusion ↑
|
Assmus et al
|
51 MNC, 35 CPC, 16 controls
|
40_11%
|
MNC CPC
|
3–144 months
|
IC
|
Global LVEF ↑; (only in MNC
group)
|
目前在动物实验中的副作用报道是非常少的。在狗的心肌梗死模型中,经冠状动脉注入间充质干细胞后可以见到微梗死,ST段抬高和T波的改变。Yoon报道心肌梗死模型的大鼠注入骨髓干细胞后发现梗死心肌周围存在干细胞来源的钙化点。目前严重的副作用发生于临床实验中,应用骨骼肌祖细胞移植的病人于移植后的11至22天间发生了持续的严重室性心律失常,这可能是由于骨骼肌祖细胞分化后的肌细胞缺乏心肌细胞之间的闰盘所致。应用骨髓来源的干细胞移植虽没有发生严重的心律失常,但通过心内膜方式移植的试验仍应注意心律失常发生的危险。应用骨髓干细胞移植令人比较担心的可能是肿瘤和瘤样血管形成,但目前尚没有此方面的报道。另一个较严重的副作用即细胞因子动员干细胞移植时导致冠状动脉狭窄,这个临床试验目前已经停止。
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